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Facts and Figures Concerning Music and Higher Education in the
United States
Revised 1 December 2004
Population of the United States
• Current Population: 290,809,777
• Adult Population (20 and older): 217,234,903 (74.7%)
• Of the adult population, 15.5% have baccalaureate degrees (45,075,515)
• Of the adult population, 8.9% have graduate or professional degrees (25,882,070)
Music and the Higher Education Community
• There are 4,168 institutions in higher education
in the United States.
• Of these, approximately 1,797 institutions have degree-granting
or non-degree-granting music programs.
• Total expenditures for higher education in Fiscal Year 2002 were $232,025,000,000; total revenues were $277,022,000,000.
• Total voluntary for higher education in 2002-2003 was $23,900,000,000.
• 2,602,600 persons are employed in all facets of higher
education.
• In 2003-2004, the average cost for a year of study at a 4-year private residential college was $29,541; at a 4-year public residential college $13,833.
• In 2002-2003, the total spending on research and development by colleges and universities was $36,332,641,000; the federal government provided $21,835,917,000 for research and development at educational institutions (60.1%).
• In 1998-99, the federal government provided $25,600,000,000 to post-secondary education in general
• In 2002-2003, the states provided $60,293,002,000 for higher education, down 2.1% from the previous year.
• Total expenditures for music in higher education in 2003-2004 were $4,188,855,519, approximately 1.8% of total expenditures for higher education.
• On average, 44% of the quarter and semester instructional units were generated by students not majoring in music.
Students in Higher Education
• For 2002-03, the enrollment in higher education was 16,102,000, 5.5% of the population; enrollment is expected to grow to 17,168,000 by the year 2008 and to 18,151,000 by the year 2013.
• In the year 2008, 3,262,000 persons are expected to graduate from high school, 3,176,000 in 2013.
• In 2002-2003, 16,102,000 persons were enrolled in higher education; this represented a full-time-equivalency of 11,928,000 persons. Approximately 13,829,000 (86%) were undergraduate students, 1,941,000 (12%) graduate students, and 332,000 (2%) professional students.
• In 2003-2004, enrollment in music programs was approximately 319,169 persons, 2% of the total student enrollment.
• 59.3% of students are enrolled full time, 40.7% part time.
• 43.7% of the students are male, 56.3% female.
• 67.6% of the student population is white, 32.4% of other ethnic origins.
• 3.5% of the student population is from foreign countries.
Faculty in Higher Education
• 1,113,800 persons are employed as faculty members in higher education; 38,726 (3.5%) teach music.
• 80.9% of the full-time faculty population is white; 19.1% is of other ethnic origins.
• In 1975, 70% of the faculty were full time, 30% part time; in 1995, 59% were full time, 41% part time.; in 2001, 55.6% were full time, 44.4% part time.
• In 2003-2004, the average faculty salary (nine-month contract) was $66,475.
• In 2003-2004, the average faculty salary (nine-month contract) in the visual and performing arts was $54,861.
Degrees in Higher Education
• In 2001-2002, 2,494,009 degrees were awarded, including 595,133 associate degrees; 1,291,900 baccalaureate degrees; 482,118 master's degrees; 44,160 doctoral degrees; and 80,698 professional degrees.
• Of these 2.4 million degrees, music's share was 38,987 (3%) of the baccalaureate degrees; 14,276 (3%) of the master's degrees; 2,474 (5.6%) of the doctoral degrees.
Priorities in the Field
• A recent (2001-2002) poll of faculty indicates that, by far, the highest among thirteen priorities of campus faculty is "to promote the intellectual development of students." The second and third priorities concern increasing the institution's prestige and image. The lowest priority is "to promote the religious/spiritual development of students."
• A fall 2002 poll of college freshmen indicated that the highest of twenty possible "objectives considered to be essential or very important" is "raising a family." The second is "being very well-off financially." The third priority is "helping others who are in difficulty," the fourth "becoming an authority in my field." The two lowest of the twenty priorities are "creating artistic work (painting, sculpture, decorating, etc.)" and "writing original works (poems, novels, short stories, etc.)."
• In 2002, nine issues affecting U.S. higher education were (1) increases in tuition; (2) mid-year budget reductions; (3) decreases in state appropriations; (4) reductions in financial aid; (5) deferral of construction projects; (6) faculty salaries; (7) graduation rates; (8) decreases in funds for research programs; and (9) teacher training.
• In 2004, the Survey of Public Opinion on Higher Education conducted by the Chronicle of Higher Education identified nineteen roles that a college might perform. The top three identified by the public as preferences were "preparing its undergraduate students for a career," "preparing students to be responsible citizens," and " preparing future leaders of society." The lowest two priorities were "provide cultural events for the community" and "play athletics for the entertainment of the community."
Sources
Fact Book on Higher Education, 1997 Edition, American Council
on Education
American Colleges and Universities, 15th Edition, American
Council on Education
The Chronicle of Higher Education, Almanac Issue, August 2004
Higher Education Arts Data Services, Music Data Summaries 2003-2004,
National Association of Schools of Music
Directory of Music Faculties in Colleges and Universities, U.S. and
Canada, 2004-2005 edition, The College Music Society
These pages are provided by the National Association of
Schools of Music and The College Music Society. The contents of this page may
be duplicated and distributed with appropriate citation.
Copyright © 2005 by the National Association of Schools of Music
and by The College Music Society
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